نشریه پژوهشهای سیاسی جهان اسلام
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 40، پاییز 1400)

The origins of some of the current legal and political structures of the Islamic Republic of Iran go back to the Constitutional Revolution. Some of the important themes that make up the legal and political structure of the country are rooted in the constitution and the thought of the elites of that period. Therefore, the issue of the present study is the explanation of the law as one of the most important constitutional concepts in the thought and opinions of the political elites of that period. Explaining this issue can lead to a proper understanding of the provisions of many existing laws, it is important in this regard. It is also necessary in that it can contribute to the pathology of much of the research literature of the period. The main question of the research is what mental image of the law do the elites of the constitutional period have? And the sub-question of the research is that from what origin and source did they receive this concept? It also aims to contribute to the richness of research in the field of important constitutional topics. A combined descriptive-analytical and comparative method has been used to achieve this research goal. The general finding of the research is that despite the common chapter of the efforts of scholars and intellectuals to solve the problem of backwardness in Iran, their different mental image of constructing the concept of law has caused a unique activism. Intellectual constitutionalists, applying human-centered principles, demanded that the sharia should not interfere in politics. On the other hand, the comprehensionists, understanding the norms of Iranian society, sought to enforce Western laws through the direct action of the people in formulating laws and reducing conflict with Islamic teachings. In contrast to separatists, separatist intellectuals blamed Islamic teachings for the country's lack of progress and saw human rights as drivers of development. On the other hand, legitimate scholars considered the origin of legislation to be the original Islamic rules and considered any formulation of human laws as heresy. The approach of constitutionalist scholars was to influence the component of recognizing the requirements of the time in drafting laws and confirming the indirect role of the people in drafting the law.

This research study seeks to explain the kind of behavioral logic that the European :union: has been following towards the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). In other words: What is the basis of the EU's attitude towards JCPOA? The hypothesis of the article, which has been developed descriptively-analytically, is that the EU foreign policy (behavior) towards JCPOA follows from the normative logic of the EU (good governance, democracy, human rights, rule of law, economic development, immigration regimes and Security regimes) with the aim of changing Iran's behavior. Therefore, the research findings indicate a deep-seated potential at the core of JCPOA, which plays a key role in the pattern of behavior of the European :union:; This means that the European :union:, on the one hand, takes action to create norms to solve international issues and, on the other hand, implements its foreign policy through these norms. From this perspective, the European union؛ views the JCPOA as a norm to change Iran's behavior and considers it as some kind of normative regime that includes the rules in order to regulate Iran's behavior in the nuclear field.

The nature of power relations in the Middle East depends on understanding the relations of the main actors who have sought to establish and control regional and international hegemony. The type of action and policy of Russia as the most effective major player in the issues and crises of West Asia, especially in the Syrian crisis and its aftershocks, is necessary. In this regard, the type of Russian politics is questionable. The key questions in this regard are: What is Russia's Middle East policy towards Iran / Turkey as the main regional actors? And how has Putin been able to bring Turkey into its balanced diplomacy alongside Iran? The present study tests the answer in the form of a hypothesis that Putin, in line with his need for Russian Middle East policy to strike a balance of power between key regional actors, especially Iran / Turkey, by establishing cooperation while restricting the independence of Turkey / Iran strategic action. And balances it with bilateral and trilateral cooperation and agreements. The findings of the article show that, first of all, in the issues of West Asia, especially in the margins of the Syrian crisis, Putin's role and strategy have been the most effective and fundamental strategy. Secondly, in Russia's Middle East policy, the policy of balance of power among the main actors in the region is significant and effective. The present study has been written qualitatively and with an explanatory-analytical method by collecting information through documents.

Sunni jurisprudence suffers from "obstruction of the door of ijtihad" and Sunni theology suffers from Ashchr('39')arite determinism, both of which were institutionalized in the fourth century AH. In the twentieth century, a group of thinkers emerged in Egypt, Algeria and Morocco who doubted these two jurisprudential and theological paradigms. They believe in dynamic ijtihad through interpretation in the text, human free will, rationality and attention to the purposes of the Sharichr('39')a and the requirements of modern (modern) space-time. In addition to the early reformers who believed in anti-colonial struggles against Western civilization, a later group of Sunni thinkers in the world believed in cultural interaction with Western civilization. New started. Rezvan Seyyed can be considered as belonging to this intellectual tradition. He is in favor of a reformist view and placing the Islamic identity under the life of this world and the association of Muslims with the phenomenon of globalization. Hence, he is close to Francis Fukuyamachr('39')s view of the end of history (ideologies). Because he also wants all indigenous and regional cultures to live under the dominant and pervasive culture or ideology of liberal democracy.

Following the defeat of ISIS in the territory of Syria and Iraq, the ideology and goals, leadership and organizational structure, recruitment and training of new people, financial resources and strategies and tactics of this group have changed, because new tactics require new strategies. ISIL's strategy for survival and growth is a combination of economic, political, military and social components. Despite the deaths of its leaders, the destruction of its territory and physical infrastructure, ISIL is still a cohesive network with Changing approaches seek to integrate these organizations. This study traces the evolution of military, security strategies and security policy cycle of this terrorist group according to the ideology of this group by analytical / descriptive method. will be .

The "deal of the century" was the Trump administration's most important policy on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and there are important questions about it: What are the features of this plan? Can the Century Deal Plan Resolve the Longest Contemporary Controversy in the Middle East? In this article, relying on "futures research" and scenario planning method, the most probable scenario for the transaction plan of the century is examined. The hypothesis of the article is that "the deal of the century is doomed to failure due to the lack of understanding of the nature of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, ignoring the basic concerns of the Palestinians and creating a state without sovereignty for them." The Century Deal has no potential for centralizing peace negotiations, but it should be noted that the most important goal of the plan is to legitimize the status quo in the occupied territories. However, the most probable scenario is the escalation of Israel's illegitimate actions to annex territories, settlements, increase consultations with conservative Arab countries with the aim of increasing pressure on the Palestinians and de-ruling the Palestinian Authority.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effective factors of cultural policy in tourism that can play a role in the integration and unity of the Islamic world. The methodology of the present study is mixed. Data collection tools were based on interviews in the qualitative section and based on a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative section. The statistical population of the qualitative section was the experts and policy makers of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts. They conducted free and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative section was managers, employees and policy makers working in the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts, whose number was estimated to be 135, and 135 questionnaires were distributed among them, and finally 116 completed questionnaires were analyzed. After confirming the validity and reliability of the research and design of the interview-based model. The data were analyzed qualitatively and then the designed model was implemented in quantitative terms. The test results showed that the relationship between the four independent variables of this study, namely the factor of attraction diversity, cultural factor, legal factor and management factor with the dependent variable of tourism development had a significant correlation at the level of 0.001. In other words, these factors can play an effective role. Invest in the development of the cultural tourism industry in the unity of the Islamic world.